Page History
...
England
...
&
...
Wales
...
Environment
...
Agency
...
R&D128
...
Developed
...
to
...
assess
...
...
...
sites
...
for
...
compliance
...
with
...
the
...
EC
...
Habitats
...
Directive
...
in
...
England
...
and
...
Wales,
...
this
...
MS
...
Excel
...
spreadsheet
...
model
...
uses
...
a
...
similar
...
approach
...
to
...
that
...
of
...
the
...
...
...
,
...
although
...
a
...
smaller
...
range
...
of
...
organisms
...
and
...
radionuclides
...
is
...
considered.
...
Dose
...
conversion
...
coefficients
...
(DCCs)
...
are
...
estimated
...
using
...
simple
...
functions
...
for
...
energy
...
deposition
...
in
...
a
...
medium
...
of
...
unit
...
density
...
from
...
point
...
isotropic
...
sources
...
to
...
represent
...
the
...
absorption
...
of
...
photons
...
and
...
electrons.
...
Energy
...
absorbed
...
fraction
...
functions
...
are
...
fitted
...
separately
...
for
...
photons
...
and
...
electrons
...
to
...
provide
...
an
...
interpolation
...
between
...
calculated
...
values.
...
These
...
functions
...
are
...
then
...
integrated
...
numerically
...
using
...
a
...
stochastic
...
(Monte-Carlo)
...
algorithm
...
to
...
calculate
...
the
...
absorbed
...
fraction.
...
The
...
model
...
uses
...
CR
...
values
...
from
...
literature
...
reviews
...
to
...
estimate
...
activity
...
concentrations
...
in
...
biota
...
based
...
on
...
media
...
concentrations.
...
Guidance
...
is
...
provided
...
on
...
how
...
to
...
estimate
...
CR
...
values
...
if
...
they
...
are
...
missing
...
for
...
a
...
given
...
radionuclide-organism
...
combination
...
(
...
...
...
...
...
).
...
The
...
nature
...
of
...
this
...
guidance
...
ranges,
...
for
...
example,
...
from
...
using
...
a
...
CR
...
value
...
for
...
an
...
organism
...
of
...
similar
...
ecology
...
through
...
to
...
assuming
...
that
...
the
...
CR
...
value
...
is
...
1
...
for
...
a
...
terrestrial
...
organism
...
if
...
no
...
data
...
were
...
available
...
to
...
suggest
...
it
...
may
...
be
...
higher
...
than
...
this.
...
The
...
guidance
...
aims
...
to
...
provide
...
conservative
...
values
...
where
...
data-derived
...
(or
...
site-specific)
...
CR
...
values
...
are
...
lacking
...
as
...
the
...
overall
...
approach
...
to
...
the
...
assessment
...
is
...
to
...
be
...
conservative.
...
The
...
spreadsheet-based
...
models,
...
provided
...
with
...
this
...
approach,
...
are
...
freely
...
available:
...
...
model
Terrestrial model
Freshwater model
See England & Wales EA for a summary of the application of the R&D128 approach to assess protected sites which may be impacted by authorised discharges of radioactive release.
Allott and Copplestone (2008) state that there is an intention to revise the EA R&D128 assessment methodology to include more realistic data from the ERICA Tool. Currently, assessments within the UK could not rely solely on the use of the ERICA Tool as it does not consider noble gas releases to the atmosphere (the EA R&D128 methodology does). Noble gases can constitute a major component of releases, for instance, they constitute at least 80 % of the total atmospheric releases envisaged from one of the nuclear reactor types currently under consideration in England.
The R&D128 methodology has been applied in intercomparison exercises of the IAEA's EMRAS programmes.
Key documentation for the R&D128 methodology
Copplestone, S Bielby, SR Jones, D Patton, P Daniel and I Gize, Impact assessment of ionising radiation on wildlife (2001)
D Copplestone, M D Wood, S Bielby, S R Jones, J Vives and N A Beresford, Habitats regulations for Stage 3 assessments: radioactive substances authorisations (2003)
| Info | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
Spreadsheet prepared be the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre with the ability to calculate doses for all the environmentally relevant Ar, Kr and Xe isotopes, and covers not only the original R&D 128 organisms but also the ICRP reference animals and plants that the ERICA tool considers. |
Overview
Content Tools